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The CSA Web-based survey collected a wide range of information from students. The survey included questions concerning the characteristics of the respondents (eg, age, race, years in college), their substance use, dating experiences, and many aspects of their experiences with sexual assault prior to and since entering college. The sexual assault experiences portion of the CSA survey was prefaced with the following information: This section of the interview asks about nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact you may have experienced. When you are asked about whether something happened since you began college, please think about what has happened since you entered any college or university. The person with whom you had the unwanted sexual contact could have been a stranger or someone you know, such as a family member or someone you were dating or going out with. These questions ask about 5 types of unwanted sexual contact: • Forced touching of a sexual nature (forced kissing, touching of private parts, grabbing, fondling, rubbing up against you in a sexual way, even if it is over your clothes) • Oral sex (someone’s mouth or tongue making contact with your genitals or your mouth or tongue making contact with someone else’s genitals) • Sexual intercourse (someone’s penis being put in your vagina) • Anal sex (someone’s penis being put in your anus) • Sexual penetration with a finger or object (someone putting their finger or an object like a bottle or a candle in your vagina or anus)
Respondents were then asked about the following 2 general types of sexual assault: (a) physically forced sexual assault and (b) sexual assault when they were incapacitated and unable to provide consent. Each type was described with introductory text. The following is an example: The questions below ask about unwanted sexual contact that involved force or threats of force against you. Force could include someone holding you down with his or her body weight, pinning your arms, hitting or kicking you, or using or threatening to use a weapon against you. Respondents were then asked the following: Since you entered college, has anyone had sexual contact with you by using physical force or threatening to physically harm you? To capture instances in which physically forced sexual assault was attempted but not completed, women were asked the following: Has anyone attempted but not succeeded in having sexual contact with you by using or threatening to use physical force against you? The same 2 questions were asked about victimizations occurring before entering college. The following text prefaced questions about sexual assault when the victim was incapacitated and unable to provide consent: The next set of questions asks about your experiences with unwanted sexual contact while you were unable to provide consent or stop what was happening because you were passed out, drugged, drunk, incapacitated, or asleep. These situations might include times that you voluntarily consumed alcohol or drugs and times that you were given drugs without your knowledge or consent. Respondents were then asked the following: Since you entered college, has someone had sexual contact with you when you were unable to provide consent or stop what was happening because you were passed out, drugged, drunk, incapacitated, or asleep? This question asks about incidents that you are certain happened. Women were also asked about sexual assaults that they suspected had happened while they were incapacitated. These 2 questions were also asked about incapacitated sexual assaults occurring before entering college. Please note that because a primary focus of this paper was completed sexual assaults, women classified as victims of suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault (Figure 1, box 17) were those who experienced a completed assault (an incident they were certain had happened) but were uncertain whether they had been given a drug without their consent prior to the assault. Separate survey modules then asked contextual questions about each type of sexual assault and responses were used to further classify sexual assault types and victims. Regarding any of their physically forced or incapacitated sexual assault victimizations, women were asked which of the following happened: (a) forced touching of a sexual nature, (b) oral sex, (c) sexual intercourse, (d) anal sex, or (e) sexual penetration with a finger or object. Respondents were allowed to check off all behaviors that applied. Women were classified as victims of rape if they selected any of the following: oral sex, sexual intercourse, anal sex, or sexual penetration with a finger or object. Those who selected forced touching but no other behavior were coded as victims of sexual battery. To further an understanding of incapacitated sexual assault, the type of incapacitation was used to classify victims of incapacitated sexual assaults. Women who experienced sexual assault when they were incapacitated and unable to provide consent were asked the following: 1. Just prior to the incident/any of the incidents had you been drinking alcohol? 2. Just prior to the incident/any of the incidents had you been given a drug without your knowledge or consent? On the basis of their responses, we classified the victims into the following four mutually exclusive categories: (a) victims of drugfacilitated sexual assault (DFSA; victims who were sexually assaulted when they were incapacitated after they had been given a drug without their knowledge), (b) victims of suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault (SDFSA; victims who were sexually assaulted while incapacitated but were uncertain whether they had been given a drug without their knowledge), (c) victims of alcohol and/or other drugenabled sexual assault (AOD; victims who were sexually assaulted when they were incapacitated after voluntarily consuming drugs or alcohol), and (d) victims who were sexually assaulted when they were otherwise incapacitated (victims who were asleep or unconscious when they were assaulted but who were not incapacitated due to voluntary or involuntary drug or alcohol consumption).